诗人总在流放中－《诗篇‧137》中的诗意与哀伤

The Poet is Always in Exile: Poetry and Mourning in Psalm 137

罗斯‧卢卡斯(Rose Lucas) ； 马乐梅(Ma Lemei)

《聖經文學研究》 6輯 (2012/02) Pp. 110-128

摘要

本文研究的文学文本－《诗篇．137》－突显了语言中所“呈现”或“经验”的欲望和矛盾。这首诗表达了重要的社会政治权力和抵抗的历史及文化经验，同时，本文也认为它洞察了个性的构成，以及主体性与言语、欲望与空间的复杂关系。在关于哀伤、匮乏和主体性的心理分析理论框架内，本文分析了这首诗的诗学模式，它运用该模式评价诗人的特定作用，也讨论了语言在主体性和文化构成中的一般地位。作为由比喻、意象和节奏等诗性语言织就的抒情诗艺术范例，这首诗使人联想起圣地/家园与流放之间概念的张力。它也强调了渴望与矛盾－它发生在当下发出的声音与记忆或想象中的故乡之间，这声音永远回响于恶劣的、流放的“此处”与理想的、总是无法实现的“彼处”之间。这首诗典型地体现了语言在主体性缺失状态中的作用，本文在讨论这一点的过程中认为，《诗篇．137》突出了诗人的创造，连接和综合的言说声音，但悖论的是，这些只能出现再被死亡和碎片阴霾笼罩的流放山谷中。

關鍵字

《诗篇．137》 ； 诗学模式 ； 抒情诗艺术 ； 诗人 ； 流放

並列摘要

This paper engages with Psalm 137 as a literary text which foregrounds questions of desire and ambivalence as they are represented - and perhaps experienced - within a language of place. As well as expressing something vital about the historical and cultural experiences of socio-political power and resistance, it also argues that the Psalm provides insight into the formation of the individual, or the complex relations between subjectivity and speech, desire and place. Within a framework of psychoanalytic theories regarding mourning, lack and subjectivity, the paper considers ways in which this Psalm uses the poetic mode to comment upon both the specific role of the poet and the general place of language in the formation of subjectivity and culture. As an example of lyric art woven from a poetic language of metaphor, image and pulse, the poem/Psalm can be read as evocative of the tensions between notions of sacred place or home, and those of exile. It also highlights both the longings and the ambivalences between the voice which speaks in the now, forever oscillating between a debased and exilic here and a idealized, always unobtainable there, and the place of remembered or imagined origin. In discussing the Psalm as paradigmatic of the position of language in relation to loss and subjectivity, the paper argues that it foregrounds the production of the poet, the speaking voice of articulation and synthesis which, paradoxically, can only emerge in the exilic valley of the shadow of death and fragmentation.

並列關鍵字

Psalm 137 ； poetic mode ； lyric art ； poet ； exile