耶稣在圣殿的行动及圣餐的起源

Jesus' Dispute in the Temple and the Origin of the Eucharist

布鲁斯．祁尔顿(Bruce Chilton) ； 王学晟(Wang Xuesheng)

《聖經文學研究》 6輯 (2012/02) Pp. 336-349

摘要

耶稣“洁净圣殿”的行动既不是反对圣殿的献祭也不单纯是要阻止圣殿税的征收。耶稣的圣殿行动是抗议该亚法将商业活动引入圣殿，因为他认为这有违献祭的宗旨。他认为以色列入及其祭物都是洁净的，以色列的献祭者应该献上己物而非在圣殿购得之物，而且坚持人与祭物不分离的原则。耶稣及其跟随者的圣殿行动因为干扰了正常的圣殿敬拜秩序而导致他的死。祭司集团对耶稣采取行动的直接原因是因为设立共餐制，即以后来的圣餐取代圣殿的献祭。在这个意义上耶稣是一个革命性的拉比。

關鍵字

该亚法 ； 历史耶稣 ； 洁净 ； 献祭 ； 圣殿行动 ； 圣餐 ； 耶稣之死

並列摘要

Jesus' ＂Cleansing of the Temple＂ was conducted neither to object to sacrifice as such, nor merely to stop the collection of the half shekel in the Temple. Jesus' action in the Temple was undertaken to protest Caiaphas' introduction of merchants into the Temple, which Jesus saw as a breach of the proper aims of sacrifice. According to Jesus, Israelites as well as their offerings were pure; they should offer what they have to God, not what they purchase inside the Temple. His principle insisted upon the link between worshiper and offering. Jesus' action in the Temple with his followers brought about his death, because he interfered with the public conduct of worship. The immediate cause for the priests to take action against Jesus was that he set up his meals, which emerged as the Eucharist, as a rival sacrifice to the one in the Temple. In this sense Jesus was a revolutionary rabbi.

並列關鍵字

Caiaphas ； historical Jesus ； pure ； sacrifice ； Temple action ； the Eucharist ； death of Jesus