荣格理论对伊甸园神话的阐释

Eden Mythology in Jungian Theory Perspectives

徐俊(XU Jun)

《聖經文學研究》 7輯 (2013/03) Pp. 162-183

摘要

近一个世纪以来，现代心理学家们从各自的理论入手，对伊甸园神话做出了不同的阐释。荣格认为伊甸园是人整体意识的象征，表现了个体个性化的过程，这一论断使伊甸园神话中的各象征都能在“意识产生＂这一框架中进行新的解释。亚当是一个雌雄同体形象，夏娃是亚当女性特征阿尼玛的具体体现，她有时会以“命中注定的恋人＂出现在现代人的幻想里。蛇是个体意识发展的驱动力，代表着人心理中的“怀疑＂和“自我膨胀＂。亚当、夏娃偷食禁果的行为导致了人的意识的产生，使人的进一步发展成为可能，所以犯禁也可称为人幸运的过错。荣格的原型理论拉近了远古伊甸园神话与现代人之间的距离，使读者根据神话中的各原型故事重新审视自己的心理体验。荣格理论的伊甸园神话分析对于圣经批评及现代心理学发展都发挥了积极的促进作用。

關鍵字

荣格理论 ； 伊甸园神话 ； 意识产生

並列摘要

For nearly a century, modem psychologists offer different interpretations respectively from their theories regarding Eden Mythology. Carl Jung regards Eden as a symbol of the human consciousness as a whole, representing the individuation process. His assertion makes new interpretations available in the framework of ＂Birth of Consciousness＂ of all symbols in this myth. Adam is a symbol as androgynous, and Eve is a manifestation of Adam's anima characteristic. Sometimes she, as a ＂predestined partner＂, will appear in the fantasy of modem human beings. The snake, as the drive of individual consciousness development, represents the ＂ suspicion＂ and ＂inflation＂ of human mind. Adam's behavior leads birth of human consciousness, and makes further development of human beings as possible. In this sense, the violation to the forbidden fruit is a happy fault. Jung's archetype theory closes the distance between modem human beings and ancient Eden Mythology, helping readers to review their mental experience. The application of Jung's theory to Eden Mythology plays a positive role in promoting the development of biblical criticism and modem psychology.

並列關鍵字

Jungian theory ； Eden Mythology ； birth of consciousness