生育禁令　命名改造　族内婚制－《创世记》2：18－20刍议

底本学说解释了圣经文本中多处不合逻辑、前后矛盾的地方，但鲜有论者认为《创世记》2：18－20节是不同底本叠加的结果，其中把动物等同于后造的作为人之帮手的夏娃明显不合情理，而在上帝为亚当创造帮手的叙事中又插入“亚当命名”的情节，更是显得突兀。本文通过对希伯来语“帮手”所隐射的生育禁令、亚当命名所行的图腾改造，以及亚当拒绝异族通婚所预表的族内婚制等问题的探讨，发现《创世记》2：18－20记录的是希伯来一神教对原始图腾部落的信仰改造，对以女性神为象征的性生殖崇拜的记忆根除，以及希伯来民族悠久的内婚制传统。结合列维－斯特劳斯的相关人类学观点，本文认为《创世记》2：18－20所隐射的图腾制度、婚姻规则与希伯来认知传统之间具有结构主义人类学家所提出的结构同源关系。

關鍵字

《创世记》；图腾；族内婚制；亚当命名；结构同源

並列摘要

To rationalize God's forming animals and building a woman as Adam's ＂□＂ (helper) continues to be the task of important debates among theologians and biblical scholars. Our aim in this paper is to briefly explore three interrelated issues that, taken together, point us toward Hebrew traditions of monotheism and consanguinity marriage that best represent Genesis 2:18-20. The key issues considered are childbirth control implied by masculine noun ＂□＂ (helper), totemism converted by Adam naming and consanguinity marriage, a compensation for God's failed attempt to find Adam a suitable helper. The concerted force of these investigations, aided by insights drawn from the work of Levi-Strauss, will allow us to propose that Genesis 2:18-20 should be a homologous condensation that has the attributes of some structuralist anthropology.

並列關鍵字

Genesis ； totemism ； consanguinity marriage ； Adam naming ； homologous structure

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