徘徊在口語與書面語之間－當代中國的工作報告、專題演講以及典禮致辭

Back and Forth between Oral and Written Language Contemporary Chinese Work Reports, Special Addresses and Ceremonial Expressions

陳平原(Chen Pingyuan)

《中國文學學報》 2期 (2011/12) Pp. 99-113

https://doi.org/10.6903/JCL.201112_(2).0006

摘要

經由白話文運動主將胡適的大力宣傳，黃遵憲的詩句「我手寫我口」廣為人知，日後甚至成了「文學革命」的重要口號。時人很少認真思考「口」一旦轉化為「手」，可能出現的種種生機與陷阱。百年後的今天，因技術手段的改進，特定場合的「口說」，很容易迅速轉化為「文章」；擲地有聲的「報告」，又都是秘書們千錘百煉而成－這種口語與書面語之間的自由滑動，交叉挪用，相互改造，明顯影響了一時代的文風。至於網路語言的巨大衝擊，更使得如何恰如其分地「說話」與「寫作」，成了很大的問題。本文主要分析對當今中國人的思維與表達影響極大的政府工作報告、學者專題講座，以及重要場合的嘉賓致辭，討論自由穿越語體／文體邊界的利弊得失，以及此舉背後的政治機制與思想文化潮流。

關鍵字

口語書面語 ； 寫話 ； 工作報告 ； 專題演講 ； 典禮致辭

並列摘要

Through the energetic propagation of the vernacular speech movement by Hu Shi, the line ＂My hand writes what my mouth says＂ from the poem by Huang Zunxun was widely known, and later even became an important motto for a ＂revolution in literature.＂ Contemporaries rarely reflected seriously upon what kinds of opportunities and traps might occur when ＂oral＂ became ＂handwritten.＂ Presently, one hundred years later, due to advances in technical means, special occasions for ＂oral speech＂ have easily and quickly turned into ＂written forms,＂ solidly sonorous ＂reports＂ have been produced by secretaries through millions of hours of training: the free slippage between oral and written language, mutual borrowings and interactive corrections and editing, have conspicuously influenced the literary style of the times. Added to this, the immense impact of the internet has made the question of how to separate properly ＂speaking＂ from ＂writing＂ into a huge problem. This essay mainly analyzes governmental work reports, academic addresses, as well as congratulatory expressions for important occasions-all of which greatly influential for present-day Chinese people's thought and expression-and discusses the gains and losses in freely crossing the borders of oral speech forms and writing forms. Moreover, the background in government institutions and intellectual currents will be mentioned.

並列關鍵字

printed oral language ； writing language ； work reports ； special addresses ； ceremonial expressions