被「誤讀」的經典：《宋元戲曲考／史》的形成與接受－兼論王國維治學路向的內在統一性

The Canon ＂Misunderstood＂: Formation and Reception of Evidential Studies/History of Song and Yuan Drama, with an Inquiry into the Inherent Unity of Wang Guowei's Scholarship

季劍青(Ji Jianqing)

《中國文學學報》 6期 (2015/12) Pp. 325-344

https://doi.org/10.6903/JCL.201512_(6).0013

摘要

王國維的《宋元戲曲史》被視為戲曲史的開山之作，對二十世紀中國戲曲研究影響深遠。然而，這部名著的另一個更接近王國維本意的書名“宋元戲曲考”，提示我們它並不完全符合我們對戲曲史乃至文學史的通常想像。王國維對元曲文章之美的高度推崇，體現了他的非歷史化的審美標準，而他對元代之前中國戲劇歷史的考察，亦凸顯種種不連續性。《宋元戲曲考》不以追求連貫的有方向感的歷史敘述為目的，重讀這部經典，細察其內在理路，有助於反省文學史著述和研究中習焉不察的連續性的迷思和進化論的預設。而處在王國維學術轉向關捩點上的《宋元戲曲考》，也提供了探討王國維學術路向內在統一性的入口，王國維的哲學、文學和經史考證之學一以貫之的，正是一種空間化的思考方法。

關鍵字

王國維 ； 《宋元戲曲考》 ； 戲曲史

並列摘要

Deemed as a groundbreaking magnum opus, History of Song and Yuan Drama by Wang Guowei has had a far-reaching influence on Chinese drama studies in twentieth century. However, ＂evidential studies of Song and Yuan drama＂, another title ascribed to the book that nearer approximates the author's original intention, suggests that it hardly fits into the category of drama history or literary history as we usually conceive it. Wang's high praise of literary quality of Yuan drama indicated that he had held an ahistorical aesthetic criterion, and his examination of Chinese drama before Yuan exposed discontinuities as well. Thus it could be inferred that Wang's work did not set as its aim establishing a coherent and evolutionary historical narrative. In this regard, rereading the canon and probing into its inner logic would help us reflect on the myth of continuity and premise of evolution, which are often taken for granted in the writing and research of literary history. On the other hand, at the turning point of Wang Guowei's career as a scholar, Evidential Studies of Song and Yuan Drama offers an opportunity to inquire into the inherent unity of Wang Guowei's scholarship, which could be generalized as a method of spatialization.

並列關鍵字

Wang Guowei ； Evidential Studies of Song and Yuan Drama ； Chinese drama history