山人考－東亞近世知識分子的另一形態

Investigating Mountain Men: An Alternative Form of Modern East Asian Intellectual

金文京(Kim Moonkyong)

《中國文學學報》 6期 (2015/12) Pp. 65-78

https://doi.org/10.6903/JCL.201512_(6).0002

摘要

本文以「山人」一詞做為切入口，要探討中國前近代士人階級的分化及中間階級產生的一個側面。所謂「山人」指的是在城市中以知識或技能做為謀生之道的知識分子。史家屢稱晚明山人之盛，其實山人活動由唐代已然初具規模。本文以唐代兩大詩人李白、杜甫為例，分析其與山人的交流，兼論李杜山人行徑。文章後半則介紹日本、朝鮮近世的山人活動，比諸中國的山人，指出東亞近世社會的某種平行現象，供學者參考。

關鍵字

山人 ； 李白 ； 杜甫

並列摘要

In the late Ming, the wide activities of the ＂mountain men＂ [or hermits] were already being criticized in terms of, ＂mountain men of the past were men in the mountains, but mountain men these days are men beyond the mountains＂ (Mingshi jishi benmo, juan 66, ＂Donglin dang yi＂). The origins of the concept of mountain men beyond the mountains can be traced back to Beishan yiwen by Kong Zhigui (Wenxuan, juan 43), and the beginnings of their activities can be seen in the Tang dynasty. In the ＂Yin yi＂ chapter of Wenyuan yinghua, the mountain men were mainly occupied with selling herbal medicine; they shuttled in and out of the mountains. Li Bai called himself mountain man; Du Fu's neighbor, of the Chengdu Herbal Hall, was also a mountain man. This essay will comprehensively examine the activities of Tang dynasty mountain men as well as their connection with literary arts. Moreover, it discusses how this fashion for the custom of retirement from the world as hermits was propagated in Japan and Korea, and goes on to investigate how modern East Asian intellectuals transformed retirement from the world as a hermit from having a locus outside the world to having a this-worldly locus, as well as its significance.

並列關鍵字

mountain man ； Li Bai ； Du Fu