從史傳到「集傳」－論唐宋文集中傳體文的新特徵

From Historical Biography to ＂Biography in Corpus＂

陳特(Chen Te)

《中國文學學報》 8期 (2017/12) Pp. 239-254

https://doi.org/10.6903/JCL.201712_(8).0009

摘要

本文追蹤「傳」這一文體的歷史發展，在文史分途和文體細化的大背景下，提煉出不同於史傳的「集傳」的嬗變脈絡，由此認識「集傳」的文體特質：不再需要記錄重要史事，轉而記敘小人物，從而展現作者的個性。在此基礎上，本文以韓愈和歐陽修為例，具體闡明「集傳」的特質。在這些特質中，最突出的應當是「集傳」之「個體性」強，因此個性突出的作者的「集傳」，應該尤有其自家面目。唐宋文人中最富於個性的蘇軾留下了若干篇「集傳」，通過對其中三篇「集傳」在寫法和思想兩方面的分析，可以發現：蘇軾之「集傳」，在形式上高度符合唐宋「集傳」的文體特徵，在思想層面則安頓了他非主流的個性。

關鍵字

史傳 ； 集傳 ； 唐宋八大家 ； 蘇軾

並列摘要

This article traces how biography (zhuan 傳) developed as a genre. While literary writing and historical writing diverged and literary genres were more finely divided, ＂biography in corpus＂ (jizhuan 集傳) had its own evolution path. The nature of ＂biography in corpus＂ therefore includes focusing on the common people to showcase the author's individuality. Han Yu 韓愈 and Ouyang Xiu's 歐陽修 biographies were two typical cases to illustrate the characteristics of this genre. Since ＂biography in corpus＂ is suitable for presenting individuality, those who have strong personality may author biographies with their own features. Su Shi 蘇軾, the most outstanding and interesting man of letters in the Song dynasty, has three biographies in his complete works. Together they show the characteristic of ＂biography in corpus＂ and also reflect aspects of his thought which may be regarded as ＂against the current＂.

並列關鍵字

historical biography ； ＂biography in corpus＂ ； Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties ； Su Shi