補天遺恨－清遺老1917年《靈武勸進圖》唱和詩研究

Patching the Sky: A Study of Qing Loyalists' Poetry on the Painting Emperor Suzong at Lingwu

陳建銘(Chen Chien-Ming)

《中國文學學報》 11期 (2021/06) Pp. 93-120

摘要

1917年舊曆元旦，遜清遺老沈曾植邀集同人聚會，題詠其新購得的《元朱玉摹唐人靈武勸進圖》。該卷繪唐肅宗靈武即位故事，對於正籌劃丁巳復辟的亡國士大夫而言，不啻為中興之兆。本文細讀沈氏作品及眾人回應，析出歌頌中興、重構倫理、回應傳統等面向，環環相扣。方其時，國體一再變更，新舊思潮競逐成為「領導性論述」，遺老詩人之吟詠於是帶有深刻的現實意義。他們在政治層面上的興復之舉，要以詩歌宣傳鼓吹；道德層面上，遺老一心守護綱常及背後代表的和諧生活秩序，尤須弭平玄肅二宗君臣父子間的騷動不安，旁及臣、妃、民之安置，抗衡異議，以補乾坤。諸人詩作藝術手法細膩，故史今事交纏，一來一往，多見時代風雲，固不止一場舊派文學盛事而已。

關鍵字

清遺老 ； 沈曾植 ； 丁巳復辟 ； 靈武繼位

並列摘要

On the Lunar New Year's Day in 1917, Qing loyalist Shen Zengzhi invited his friends to appreciate the antique painting, Emperor Suzong in Lingwu, which he had just acquired, and to inscribe it with poems. During that time, Shen and the Qing loyalists were engaged in the Manchu Restoration. Lingwu is the place where Emperor Suzong of the Tang dynasty launched his first counterattack against the rebels; therefore, the painting was considered a good omen. However, Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu, usurping his father's authority. Some ethical crises resulted from this power shift. Entering the modern era, the Chinese people was experiencing drastic changes: the monarchical system was overthrown, and the Confucian ＂five bonds＂-which involved the five principle familial and social relations-fell apart. In the poems and inscriptions mentioned above, the Qing loyalists tried to interweave the Tang history with the reality of their times, combining the classical and contemporary to bring order out of chaos. This study begins with a close, intensive reading of the texts, moves on to explore these poets' realistic concerns, and finally presents a new view on their works.

並列關鍵字

Qing loyalists ； Shen Zengzhi ； Manchu Restoration ； the usurpation of Emperor Suzong

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