認識自閉症的心智論

Understanding of the theory of mind of autism

林翠英(Tsui-Ying Lin)

《特殊教育發展期刊》 74期 (2022/12) Pp. 1-12

https://doi.org/10.7034/DSE.202212_(74).0001

摘要

我國在1997年修正特殊教育法，將自閉症（Autism）列入特殊教育服務對象，儘管經過25年的努力經營自閉症教育，學校教師及家長因缺乏認識自閉症心智論（ToM）缺陷，造成諸多問題，為了提升教育服務品質，筆者根據諸多學者的看法，將自閉症的心智論歸納重點如下：（一）自閉症（Autism）者的社會行為缺陷是因杏仁核缺陷（amygdala deficit）而造成的（二）人類在嬰兒階段是透過心智論（ToM）開始社會化，心智論（ToM）是一種組合的功能牽涉到記憶、分享式注意（joint attention）、複雜的知覺認知（perceptual-recognition） 如凝視過程、語言、執行功能及情緒處理認知（emotion processing-recognition）（三）智商（IQ）和心智論（ToM）不是同義詞。心智論（ToM）叢集比智商（IQ）的評量，用來評量泛自閉症的障礙嚴重程度更具代表性。心智論（ToM）叢集明顯地較能預測學生被安置的環境，心智論（ToM）表現提供可信靠的方式來區別精神疾病診斷與統計手冊第五版（DSM-5）的泛自閉症（ASD）之障礙嚴重程度，提醒重要關係人有關泛自閉症支持需求的程度。

關鍵字

自閉症 ； 心智論 ； 智商

並列摘要

In Taiwan, children with autism were excluded from special education programs in the past. Since Taiwan's special education act was revised in 1997, children with autism had right to receive special education programs. In spite of efforts intended to improve autism education for 25 years, school teachers and parents may lack of the deficit of theory of mind (ToM) of autism. To promote educational quality, the researcher reviewed the literature regarding the theory of mind of autism and concluded as follows: (1) An amygdala deficit affected the social behavior of individuals with autism. (2) The infant was socialized through the theory of mind (ToM) hich was a composite function including memory, joint attention, complex perceptual recognition (such as, eye contact), language, executive function, and emotion processing-recognition. (3) Theory of mind (ToM) and intelligence quotient (IQ) were not synonymous. Theory of mind (ToM) clustering was representative of over the effects of intelligence quotient (IQ). ToM clustering significantly predicted the school environment where autistic students were placed. ToM performance may discriminate severity levels with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in DSM-5 to inform parents of the level of support for autistic students.

並列關鍵字

autism ； theory of mind (ToM) ； intelligence quotient (IQ)

參考文獻

Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., & Cox, A. (2000). Early identification of autism by the CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT). Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 93(10), 521-525. http://doi.org/10.1177/014107680009301007.

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