我國一百年來的憲政變遷與發展

The Constitutional Changes and Development over the Past Century in Taiwan

陳滄海(Chen, Tsang-Hai)

《檔案半年刊》 10卷3期 (2011/09) Pp. 22-35

摘要

我國憲政發展歷經一段艱辛的過程。回顧從民國肇造迄今一百年來，不同年代各有不同的憲政思潮與轉變，本文乃冀經由文獻、歷史分析及制度研究等途徑，探討我國立憲倡議、憲法制定、修改等歷程，以分析憲政發展的意涵與影響等，進行分析並提出未來憲政發展展望。研究結果，本文認為經由過去的憲政變遷，可以理解憲法的政治屬性，非但影響憲法的規範內涵，更宰制未來的憲政發展；而憲政制度本無絕對性的標準模式，我國的五權憲政制度，自有其學理依據及實際可行性，憲法的人權保障與西方國家相較亦不遜色；尤其基本國策更是具體而微。至於中央政府體制的運作，尚無窒礙難行之處。因之，現行憲法實無改革的急切性，遵憲、守憲遠比修憲更為重要，此亦是維護憲政長治久安的關鍵所在。

關鍵字

制憲 ； 五權憲法 ； 憲法修改 ； 憲政改革 ； 憲政發展 ； 中央政府體制

並列摘要

The constitutional development in Taiwan experienced a difficult process. According to the review of the constitutional development over the past century, various constitutional thinking and changes were developed in different eras. This study used historical analysis and institutional method to investigate the processes such as constitutional initiative, constitution formulation, and constitutional amendment in Taiwan in order to analyze the meaning and impact of constitutional development and propose future prospect for constitutional development. Based on the research results, this study suggested that the past constitutional changes reveal that the political property of constitution not only affects the meaning of constitution regulations, but also further dominates future constitutional development. Moreover, there is no absolute standard model applicable to constitutional system. Taiwan's Five-Power/Yuan System is characterized by its own theoretical basis and practicability. The protection of human rights of the constitution in Taiwan is not second to that of those in western countries, and its basic national policy particularly includes specific and detailed information. As for the operation of central government system, there is no difficulty to implement such a system. Because there is no urgent need to reform the current constitution, abiding by the constitution is more important than amending it, which is also the key factor for maintaining the long-term peace and stability of constitutionalism.

並列關鍵字

Constitution formulation ； Five-Power constitution ； Constitutional amendment ； Constitutional reform ； Constitutional development ； Central government system

參考文獻

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