影視文本中歷史意識的重構與轉變：以韓國電影中的「光州事件」為例

本文嘗試以「歷史意識」（historical consciousness）作為一種提問方式，指出電影敘事展現一種人類對時間及歷史處境變遷體驗的描繪、言說的方式，其有別於史觀或影視史學，而是在社會更迭過程因歷史真實而反映的精神狀態，包含情感、認同等層面，因此，其涉及複雜的族群記憶、共同感受性與身分等論述脈絡及心理樣態。從東亞近年的電影發展趨勢來看，韓國電影的敘事結構、拍攝手法雖仿效好萊塢電影，但巧妙融入本土題材，其官方及財團的整合文化傳播模式及「韓流」的推波助瀾，是本文選擇韓國電影的主要因素。故本文梳理近年敘事學的大量論述及重新概念化為基礎，以韓國電影為例，選自1996年的《花瓣》到2013年的《正義辯護人》等14部作為研究範疇，探討電影裡有關「光州事件」的敘事類型及手法。儘管韓國電影有諸多戰爭、殖民歷史和民族情感等題材，但「光州事件」卻是韓國社會轉型的重要歷史現實，從隱諱地設定為故事背景到成為主要題材。重要的是，在韓國電影邁向國際之際，敘事大量含納重構與轉變中的歷史意識，是一種透過反覆接近歷史現實的策略，消解韓國社會整體的歷史焦慮感，亦是一主體、敘事與行動交互形塑的辯證過程。

關鍵字

歷史意識；韓國電影；敘事；光州事件；主體

並列摘要

May the ＂historical consciousness＂ as a way to issue, in this paper, I had pointed out that Film Narratology has showed how human depicts and speaks when faces the changing of time and historical transition. Different from Conception of History or Historiophoty, what we focused was the psychological status reflected by the revealed history in the duration of society changing, including emotions, identification and so on. Hence, the context and the state of mind to this issue were connected with the complicated ethnic group memory, distribution of the sensible and identity, and so on. As we can see the development of East Asia films these days, the narrative structure and filming techniques in Korea film have showed the shadow of Hollywood. What's more, they are perfectly suitable. There were 2 major reasons for choosing Korea film as the topic; one was the media model came from official and megacorporation which had made the cultural combination, and the other was the ＂K-pop＂. According to the above, traced back to the big data of Narratology these years and rebuilt the aspect as the basic foundation were essential. I had chosen 14 Korea films, from A Petal in 1996 to The Attorney in 2013, to discuss the narrative genre and the meanings about ＂Gwangju event＂ in the films. Although lots of the topics in Korea films were about wars, colonial history and national consciousness and so on, ＂Gwangju event＂ was right the actual history in the transformation of Korea society. That is how ＂Gwangju event＂ influenced Korea silently from the film background to major issue. What's more important, when Korea films have come to the whole world, abundant reconstructions and transformations from history consciousness were revealed in its narratives. By the way Korea films work, approaching to the history again and again is also a kind of strategy, and the purpose is to dissolve the history anxiety embedded in the whole Korea society. Also, it showed the result of dialectical duration by the subject, narrative and practice.

並列關鍵字

historical consciousness ； Korean film ； narrative ； Gwang-Ju Democratization Movement ； subject

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影視文本中歷史意識的重構與轉變：以韓國電影中的「光州事件」為例

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