並列摘要
Back to four hundred B. C. Empedocles postulated that love, as attraction, was a force of combining elements into things. The uniting effect of love is found necessay in every social organization, for man has a need of love ever since his birth: need to be loved, and need to love others. Being loved, the child develops a feeling of security, which is an aspect of mental health; and to love others, he gets a sense of gratification, which is important to emotional adjustment. Love, according to Harlaw's operational definition, is a complex feeling of warmth, tenderness, and closeness. It was so defined because Harlow found, in his experiments, the infant monkeys needed to clutch something warm and soft most of the time, particularly in danger. In addition, he found that the need of love was more desperate for psychological development of his monkeys. In human life, this is also true among babies, and man's need of love exists in his entire life. Thus, how to secure the feeling of being loved and how to develop a feeling of love of others should be major concerns in education. Effective education must be education of man, man who is capable of showing his love to his fellowmen. Hence education must teach the child how he is loved and how he loves others. As the child grows, he will be aware of the existence of others and identify the needs of others with his. Therefore, he will think of others when he thinks of himself. Consequently, he will cooperate when his group calls for it. The process of human life, as well as most natural process, is directed toward progress and advancement; and the process can proceed only in a peaceful world. Man can make use of natural resources to enrich his life in order to live happily. But man must cooperate with one another for the purpose of achieving and enjoying the Good Life. To lead a good life, according to the Greeks, one must first be a good man, but beyond this, man must be able to love. When one loves his fellowmen, he is loved in return. When everyone loves each other, fight or strife will disappear. Then giving and receiving will be balanced, and the long pursuit of the final goal-peace-will become true.
並列關鍵字
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