「科學教育」與「教育科學」

Two events, called ＂educational shacks＂, have had the greatest effect on American educational changes in recent years. The first event was the Soviet Union's success in launching an artificial satellite, the sputnik, into orbit in October 1957 before America could. The second event was the sudden realization of the problem of population explosion in 1950's. These two events produced shocks which ran through the whale society, and suddenly American people turned on the educational system to blame it for negelect in science education in terms of its quality and quantity development. On the effect of the shacks many changes in American education could be found both in science education and in educational science. Main changes in the respect of science education are: (1) emphasizing the basic science subjects - mathematics. physics, chemistry, biology - in public schools; (2) recognizing the importance of theoritical research in science; (3) establishing national wide science development programs; (4) recognizing forign language as a branch of science development; and (5) establishing science education department in college of education in same universities for the purpose of training science teachers in public schools. Main changes in the respect of educational science are: (1) emphasizing guidance and testing programs in various levels of schools; (2) emphasizing scientific research of educational problems; (3) emphasizing scientific methodology for understanding human behavior in teachers training programs; (4) establishing national wide special education programs; and (5) emphasizing evaluation programs for educational progresses. In review of our situation, although it has been more than sixty years since the New School System of 1903 commenced, we have not been paying to much attention to the problem of how and why we are far behind the countries which we had adopted their systems in science education development. Fortunately, the educational authority seems to realize the problem and starts to improve science instruction in public school. At this point, the author maintains that the followings should be taken into consideration: 1. Science education should be cooperated with educational science in terms of curriculum development, methods of instruction, teachers training, evaluation of educational progress, etc. 2. The methods of instruction, espeacially in elementary and secondary schools, should be improved in the direction of cultivating pupils' scientific attitudes and scientific interest others than merely stuffing them with scientific facts or information. 3. Scientific methodology and scientific technology should be equally emphasized in science education. 4. At present, the basic sciences-mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology should be given the priority ever others. 5. A long range science education program should be established, and the problem of quality and quantity should be equally considered.

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「科學教育」與「教育科學」

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