With the continuous development of the world economy and technology, the communion between countries is increasingly strengthened, which leads to the rapid growth of international trade volume and the constant increase of the demand for maritime transportation. The occurrence of maritime accidents will not only bring huge economic losses but also seriously pollute the marine ecological environment. Therefore, Maritime traffic safety has drawn much attention nowadays. Maritime traffic safety is the focus of current research in maritime fields. This paper comprehensively analyzes and studies related research results in maritime and other fields at home and abroad, and makes a detailed classification and explanation of risk factors affecting maritime traffic safety. Due to the establishment of ordered logistic regression models, the influence degree of different maritime risk factors on maritime traffic safety is quantitatively evaluated and analyzed, and then specific suggestions and countermeasures are proposed. The results of this study will also help relevant government departments and policymakers to adopt appropriate and effective strategies to prevent global water safety accidents.