Perianal infectious diseases can occur at any age, but prevail in young adulthood, and in recent years, urbanization has accelerated, resulting in enormous changes in the diet and lifestyle of people, with consequent many adverse life habits, leading to a progressive increase in the incidence of perianal infectious diseases. As a common class of diseases in anointestinal surgery, this class of diseases has a long disease course, easily relapses, and easily damage anal function, some patients because of the deep infection part, the early local symptoms of the anus are not obvious, easily missed, and delay treatment resulting in serious consequences, which not only affect people's quality of life, but even affect people's physical and mental health. Current treatments for perianal infectious diseases are diverse and vary in their efficacy, and this review will summarize the progress of relevant studies at home and abroad on the occurrence and treatment of perianal infectious diseases.