Exercise causes changes in the complex and large physiological systems of the human body, and it is also an important form of behavior that supports a good continuation of life. If exercise physiology is the study of changes in the functions and structures of various physiological systems, tissues, organs, and cells of the body during exercise, then integrative exercise physiology is the study of the overall or dynamic adaptive changes of the body in response to exercise (stress) based on basic exercise physiology, and the analysis and elucidation of the mechanisms and regulation and biological targets of the body's response to exercise (stress) at different levels, such as genes and molecules. In this article, the role of integrative exercise physiology in exercise science is discussed in terms of cardiovascular, exercise capacity and diabetes.