The technological innovation activities of enterprises are often accompanied by the phenomenon of "market failure". Therefore, it is necessary for the government to intervene through corresponding policies to stimulate the enthusiasm of enterprises in innovation. Government R&D subsidy is one of the most common ways. This paper systematically combs the relevant literature at home and abroad from four aspects: the definition of government R&D subsidy and technological innovation, the influence, mechanism and boundary conditions of government R&D subsidy on technological innovation. The results show that: the research on the effect of government R&D subsidy on enterprise technological innovation is still controversial; Existing scholars mostly ignore the possible mediation mechanism between them. There are many research factors affecting the effect of government R&D subsidy, mainly including enterprise scale and property right nature. On this basis, this paper also discusses the future research direction of the relationship between government R&D subsidy and enterprise technological innovation.