Under the trend of economic globalization, China's leading position in the world and its dependence on international resources will produce huge transportation demand. This will undoubtedly bring new opportunities for the development of China's container transport industry and provide an important force with sufficient development space. This paper describes the current situation of container transportation in mainland China from the container traffic volume and container port construction in recent years. This paper analyzes the container transportation of main ports in China, and forecasts the throughput of container transportation in China in the future by combining moving average method and exponential smoothing prediction theory. This paper briefly analyzes the impact of the new epidemic situation on port container transportation, and discusses the main factors driving the development of container transportation in China. Finally, it briefly analyzes the role of port container transportation in the development of urban economy, as well as the opportunities and challenges it brings.