Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a clean and efficient chemical energy power generator. Based on the working principle and thermal balance management mode of PEMFC, this paper analyzes the way that PEMFC overcomes the obstacles of high and low temperature operation. In order to provide support and help for the thermal design of PEMFC based on application scenarios, it analyzes the performance features and advantages of PEMFCs in different application scenarios, such as domestic energy supply, aircraft, vehicle and ship. Furthermore, it analyzes the application technology, thermal design difficulties in different working environments, the research progress and development prospects of different platform projects.