In order to accurately calculate the optical characteristics of the space target, a calculation model for the optical characteristics of the space target is established based on the method of domain decomposition and meshing. Based on the relevant theories of wave optics, this paper uses MATLAB's own high-speed computing power and powerful image rendering capabilities to program common interference and diffraction phenomena in a computer, and realizes the simulation of some wave optics experiments. For different satellite targets, the optical characteristics are calculated, and the calculation results are compared with the analytical method calculation results and the experimental measurement results. The results show that the calculation accuracy of the surface element gridding is better than that of the analytical method, and is compared with the experimental results. Compared with the calculation deviation, it is less than one visual magnitude, which meets the requirements of engineering applications.