CBN grinding wheel plays an important role in grinding because of its excellent properties such as high hardness, high temperature resistance and non-reaction with iron elements. However, CBN grinding wheel inevitably appears wear or blockage during machining, which leads to the increase of grinding force and grinding temperature, chatter and thermal damage, thus affecting the surface quality of the workpiece. Therefore, the grinding wheel topography is very important in the grinding process, and must be trimmed regularly. Ultrasonic vibration dressing technology of diamond roller is put forward and the kinematics of a single abrasive grain on the grinding wheel is analyzed, the effects of different dressing methods, dressing parameters and acoustic parameters on the surface morphology of the grinding wheel and the protruding height of the abrasive grain were studied in this work. This results show that the protruding height of abrasive particles under ultrasonic vibration dressing method is increased compared with the conventional dressing method. The grinding wheel surface with ideal morphology was trimmed by ultrasonic, which is helpful to improve the grinding ability of CBN grinding wheel.