Boiler is an important combustion device, which can efficiently convert the physical energy, chemical energy and electric energy in fuel into steam, high-temperature water or organic heat carrier with certain heat energy. However, due to the high emission concentration of nitrogen oxides(NOx), it will easily lead to serious air pollution problems. In addition, too high combustion chamber temperature will cause a waste of resources. In this paper, the combustion process state of the boiler is simulated in detail by means of numerical simulation. It is proposed to increase the secondary controllable burnout air and reduce the area of the secondary air nozzle in the main natural area, and the NOx emission affected by it is further simulated. According to the simulation results, the transformation design of low nitrogen combustion is carried out, and the optimization scheme of low nitrogen combustion and combustion chamber cooling is put forward.