As a two-dimensional nanomaterial, graphene has many excellent properties and is widely used in polymer composite coatings. In recent years, the field of graphene composite anticorrosive coatings is booming. This paper first briefly introduces the way to improve the dispersion of graphene in organic polymers. Secondly, the anti-corrosion mechanism of graphene in composite coatings and the optimization of graphene composite coatings by directional arrangement are reviewed in detail. The anticorrosion mechanism is based on barrier enhancement and cathodic protection to improve coating performance, and the effects of different methods of directional arrangement on coating performance are described. Finally, the existing problems and development direction of graphene composite anticorrosive coatings are prospected.