Instructional design ability is a professional skill that teachers must master in the modern educational environment. It mainly refers to the ability system that takes modern education as the core and further makes decisions and regulates the teaching activities of the teaching system through the way of instructional design. In the educational work of primary and secondary schools, students do not have strong autonomous learning ability due to the limitations of various objective factors. If teachers do not have strong teaching design ability or understanding of teaching design, it will inevitably have a negative impact on students. Based on this background, this paper will deeply analyze the training principles and Countermeasures of primary and secondary school teachers' teaching design ability.