With the development of economic integration all over the world, the water and waterway transportation in China is getting busy day by day, and oil spill from ships, explosion of water service platform, leakage of deep‐sea oil pipeline and other oil spill environmental pollution and production safety accidents often occur. This paper mainly aims at the technical problems of ecological damage assessment of marine oil spill in China, Integrating the development trend of laws, policies and regulations on marine ecological damage compensation and damage compensation in China, Referring to the new and updated achievements of marine oil spill ecological damage assessment technology in the world, the technical framework of rapid pre‐assessment of marine oil spill ecological damage in China is clearly put forward and established, in order to provide new theoretical sources and service support for marine oil spill ecological environment protection and management methods.