To explore the influence of bedding angle(β) on rock failure characteristics, PFC2D particle flow simulation software was used to model layered rock(β=0°,30°,45°,60°,90°) , and the mechanical parameters, brittleness characteristics, and failure modes were analyzed. The results show that the peak stress and elastic modulus first decrease and then increase with the increase in β, and the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value is 2.65 and 1.29, respectively, indicating that the bedding effect was obvious. When the β increases from 0°to 90°, kci and kcd show a trend of decreasing first, then increasing, finally decreasing, and first decreasing and then increasing, respectively. When the β is 60° and 90°, kci and kcd reach the maximum value. The failure modes of layered rocks are mainly tensile failure (0°, 90°) and tensile‐shear composite failure (30°, 45°, 60°).