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  • 期刊

環境影響評估程序中公民團體的定位與功能-民主的觀點

On the Position and Functions of Nongovernment Organization in Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure: From the Perspective of Democracy

摘要


環境影響評估為近年從事許多開發案相當重要的行政程序之一,此一程序所要追求的程序正當性有賴參與來達成。然而,隨著環評制度所要關注的對象越趨多元,程序設計越趨嚴謹外,更可以發現近年程序中的參與者除了受開發案影響的當事人或利害關係人外,也包括許多非政府組織投入其中。究竟環評法如何看待非政府組織?非政府組織可以發揮什麼功能?非政府組織的參與是否更有助於追求環評決定的正當法?本文以正當法律程序及民主原則作為理論基礎,認為因應環境案件的特色,非政府組織參與環評程序可以兼顧公益及個人權利、事前預防及事後監督、公害污染及自然保育、跨國串聯發揮功能。從而,非政府組織的參與更有助於落實民主原則,並協助發現個案的問題、確保決策的正確性、追求行政效能。準此,必須在制度上針對不從型態的非政府組織給予在不同案件發揮功能的機會,有效率地將非政府組織引導到程序中,才能強化環評制度的制度能量,追求理性抉擇。

並列摘要


Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of an important administration procedure during review development cases in recent years. This institution pursues procedure legitimacy, and it depends on citizen participation. However, EIA concern more and more values in its institution, procedure design is more rigorous. Not only litigants and interested parties in each case participate in EIA procedure, but also a lot of Non-government-organizations (NGOs) exercise in this institution. Hoe EIA treats NGOs? Can NGOs exert what kind of functions? Can NGOs' participation help EIA decisions pursue legitimacy? This article analyses these questions by theories of "Due Process of Law" and "Democracy Principle". On order to responds the characteristics of environmental cases, this article concludes EIA institution can take into account a lot of dimensions, such as public interests and individuals' right, pre-prevention and post-supervision, pollutions and nature conservations, international cooperation, through NGOs participate in EIA procedure. Therefore, we could implement democracy principle, find questions in each case, insure decisions are correct, and pursue administrative effectiveness from NGOs participate in EIA procedure. So this article concludes we should design different NGO participation procedure for different type of development cases base on efficiency. Through the institution's guide, NGOs can exert its' functions, strength the capacity of institution. Finally, EIA can pursue ration decisions really.

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