恩格斯發展觀的悖謬性－也談其與黑格爾辯證法的差異

榮偉傑

《第十屆發展研究年會　台灣經驗2.0：在地與全球的發展研究與實踐》 2018 (2018/10) Pp. 160-182

https://doi.org/10.6392/ACDS.201810.0003

摘要

“世界是永恆發展的”這一觀點在恩格斯的多篇著作中得到了詳細論述。根據恩格斯，“發展”的永恆性在於其“無限性”。這種無限性首先是一種“潛無限”，即無限的連續性與可分性；其次又是一種存在于未來的“實無限”，作為完成了的終結支撐起了歷史的完滿性。它們是異質的、不融貫的或矛盾的。恩格斯知曉這種悖謬性，並以此來批判黑格爾。可是，恩格斯自己卻恰恰援引黑格爾的品質變原理來充當此類問題的解決方案。實際上，黑格爾既批判潛無限的進展，也不承諾潛無限能帶來實無限。因此，恩格斯對黑格爾的批判是不成立的，他的發展觀也同時瓦解了。

關鍵字

恩格斯 ； 發展觀 ； 無限性 ； 黑格爾 ； 辯證法

並列摘要

The view that the world is developing forever was illustrated by Engels in his many writings. According to Engels, development is forever because of its infinity. And first, this infinity is a kind of potential infinity as well as the infinite continuity and infinite separability. Secondly, it also a kind of actual infinity which is the end of the history. The two kinds of infinity are heterogeneous, incoherent or contradictory. Engels knew this absurdity and used it to criticize Hegel. But Engels used Hegel's view about qualitative change and quantitative change to solve this problem in his own theory. Actually, Hegel criticized the potential infinity and did not think that potential infinity can become actual infinity. Therefore the Engels criticized Hegel wrongly and his own view of development was also wrong.

並列關鍵字

Engels ； the view of development ； infinity ； Hegel ； dialectics