蘭陽平原水田地景之變遷：社會生態系統韌性分析

The Change of Paddy Field Landscape in Lan-Yang Plain: An Analysis of Social-Ecological System Resilience

沈嘉玲(Chia-Ling Shen) ； 戴興盛(Hsing-Sheng Tai)

《第十屆發展研究年會　台灣經驗2.0：在地與全球的發展研究與實踐》 2018 (2018/10) Pp. 183-222

https://doi.org/10.6392/ACDS.201810.0004

摘要

近年蘭陽平原水田地景經歷劇變，引起眾多學術研究關注，然部分研究著重少數層級與靜態分析，忽略系統變遷受多元層級與動態因子相互作用影響。故本研究採用韌性觀點並應用社會生態系統分析框架，分析水田社會生態系統如何在多元層級因子相互作用下，形成現今系統狀態，並探討多元行動者間之互動。研究發現清代西部漢人移墾後，蘭陽平原形成並長期維持水田為主之系統狀態，直至戰後轉型出口工業經濟致使農業衰退，及社會生活型態轉變而推動休耕政策，導致水田系統脆弱化；接著2000年農發條例修改，與複雜歷史、房地產漲勢、地方觀光產業及北宜高通車等因子相互作用，導致系統趨向崩解。另本研究也發現近年影響系統韌性的主要趨勢：一、地方社會系統在1980年代轉型，形成特殊價值認同及行動力，提升系統面對變遷之韌性，但也因傾向菁英治理，使公眾對水田地景公共性之認知猶待提升；二、部分權益關係人因利益受損起身反對農地管制，然因缺乏透明、正式的審議機制，多元行動者與治理系統互動後，反使治理系統專業能力趨弱及行政系統趨向崩解；三、地方治理系統曾具正面影響上層治理系統之能力，反之，近兩年中央治理系統亦對宜蘭農地發揮正面管制功能，彼此在不同時期發揮互補功能，顯示多元層級治理有助提升系統韌性。

關鍵字

社會生態系統韌性 ； 蘭陽平原 ； 水田地景 ； 農舍

並列摘要

In recent years, Lan-Yang Plain paddy fields landscape has undergone huge change, which becomes the concerns of lots of academic research. However, some studies are based on few hierarchys and static analysis, which ignoring the fact that system changes are affected by the interaction of multi-level and dynamic of factors. Therefore, this study adopts the social-ecological system resilience perspective and applies the ＂Social-Ecological System Framework (SESF)＂ to analyze the paddy fields Social-Ecological Systems (SESS) in the Lan-Yang Plain regarding how the current system state is formed due to the interaction with multi-level factors, and the interaction among multiple actors. The study found that western Han Chinese were rehabilitated in the Lan-Yang Plain and paddy fields landscape were formed in Qing Dynasty, and this system state had remained for a long time until the KMT government was relocated to Taiwan. The transformation into an export-oriented industrial economy caused a sharp decline of agricultural, and the change of social life style to promote the fallow policy. This had deepened the vulnerability of the paddy fields SESS in Lan-Yang Plain. Following the amendment of the Agricultural Development Regulations in 2000, the confluences of such factors as complex historical, real estate gains, local tourism industry and Taipei -Yi-lan Highway, etc. led to the loss of paddy fields and disintegration of the systems. In addition to the above factors, this study also found three major trends affecting system resilience in recent years: 1. First, In the 1980s, the transformation of paddy fields social systems led to the formation of special value recognition and organizational mobility, which raises the resilience of the system in the face of change. However, due to the tendency toward elite governance, the awareness of the publicity on the landscape of paddy fields should be improved; 2. Secondly, Some of the stakeholders also resisted regulatory rules because of the damage to their interests. For lack of an transparent and official deliberation mechanism, the multiplex actors affected governance systems through their relation network and in turn, contributed to the weakening of the professional capacity of the governance system and the collapse of professional administrative system; 3. Thirdly, Local governance system used to have the ability to positively affect the upper-level governance system; on the contrary, the central government system has also played a positive regulatory function for the Yilan farmland in the past two years. Different levels of governance systems exert complementary functions in different phases, indicating that the multi-level governance helps improve system resilience.

並列關鍵字

Social-ecological system resilience ； Lan-Yang Plain ； paddy field landscape ； farmhouse