社會企業對婦女扶貧之影響－以家扶基金會發展社會企業為例

曾晴婉

《第十屆發展研究年會　台灣經驗2.0：在地與全球的發展研究與實踐》 2018 (2018/10) Pp. 875-892

https://doi.org/10.6392/ACDS.201810.0034

摘要

貧窮女性化現象，不僅發生在開發中國家，先進國家處於貧窮的女性比例也逐漸增加，顯示貧窮已經快速成為女性的問題。而於台灣，非政府組織（NGO）及非營利組織（NPO）等組織，透過不同型態的合作模式，協助女性就業與脫貧，但過往被動的扶貧模式遭受考驗，未能真正達到女性經濟自主、協助脫貧之目標。因此，如何使脫貧機制有效運作，成為目前台灣所須面對的一大課題。晚近以來，社會企業為新興並蓬勃發展的企業組織，最初來自於19世紀英國，介於企業與非營利組織間的組織型態，其核心理念為具備社會使命，透過商業模式解決並翻轉社會問題。而台灣社會企業則發展於1990年代，其發展起步較晚。本研究試圖以台灣家扶基金會所發展的三種社會企業型態為例，探討社會企業運作概念下對經濟弱勢女性扶貧之影響。此外，透過社會企業經營模式之五大構面及三大評估指標，探討社會企業此一商業模式的運作是否能協助經濟弱勢女性脫貧與自主培力？本研究發現家扶基金會所導入的三種社會企業運作模式符合並兼具經濟、社會及創新能力的評估指標，不僅持續增加更多婦女職業及謀生自立的技能，而社會企業運作模式除了提供經濟弱勢婦女自主培力的運作基礎，亦讓弱勢婦女從受助者成為助人者，其顯示社會企業對婦女扶貧產生正面成效與影響。最後，台灣社會企業在實務運作上，仍有諸多運作上需要克服的挑戰，木研究冀能有助於提供我國社會企業未來在婦女扶貧及社福政策參考及發展方向，亦有利促進我國社會企業的成熟應用與永續發展。

關鍵字

貧窮女性化 ； 婦女扶貧 ； 社會企業 ； 財團法人台灣兒童暨家庭扶助基金會

並列摘要

Social enterprises have emerged as an emerging and thriving business organization. The core concept is to solve and reverse social issues through business models. Its characteristics are the balance of social values and profitability to balance economic and social goals. The development of social enterprises in Taiwan originated in the 1990s, but the development of domestic social enterprises and related research started relatively slow and late. In addition, there are also few researches on the training and poverty alleviation of economically disadvantaged women. Therefore, this article mainly takes the three social enterprise concepts, ＂Product production type＂, ＂Store operation type＂ and ＂Integrated type＂ developed by Taiwan Fund for Children and Family Foundation as an example to explore the impact of Taiwanese social enterprises on women's poverty alleviation. This paper mainly uses the five social enterprise assessment indicators, value propositions, business strategies, revenue mechanisms, resource deployment, and social networking to analyze the social enterprise model. In addition, it also use the three indicators, Business performance, Social value and Innovation ability to verify the impact of Taiwan's social enterprise operating models on poverty alleviation among economically disadvantaged women which is helpful for future research and practical application. The result indicated that the social operation model of Taiwan Fund for Children and Family Foundation can combine the economic, social, and creativity evaluation indicators, provide the operational basis for the economic disadvantaged women to get rid of poverty and develop independence. To a certain extent, there is a positive effect towards women's independence from poverty. Finally, but now in the practical operation, there are still challenges that need to be overcome in the future. This article attempts to propose proposals for the future development direction of Taiwan' social enterprise and social welfare system and hopes to reach the goal of social welfare and sustainable development.

並列關鍵字

Women Poverty ； Social Enterprise ； Women Poverty Alleviation ； Taiwan Fund for Children and Family Foundation