資產效果與青年脫貧經驗：以南高雄家扶中心青年自立釣竿方案為例

Asset Effects and the Path Out of Poverty: A Case Study of the Youth Capacity Building Program by the South Kaohsiung Department of Taiwan Fund for Children and Families

王天祥(Tien-Hsiang Wang) ； 張世雄(Shr-Syung Chang)

《財務社會工作與貧窮研究學刊》 1卷2期 (2018/10) Pp. 25-66

摘要

南高雄家扶中心自2005年開始推行青年自立釣竿方案，期待透過個人帳戶與儲蓄機制、課程訓練、社會服務與參與等等措施，協助青年累積資產，作為後續高等教育、技能訓練以及就業準備之基礎，然而，本研究發現，方案乍看之下，似乎達到了大部份的目標，但如果放在資產累積理論的架構下予以檢視，卻可發現其與資產累積理論之精神大相逕庭，首先，在儲蓄累積的過程中，資產規模過小（僅8萬元），且儲蓄來源大多來自於家庭之資助，儲蓄頻率亦不足以培養儲蓄習慣，不過多數受訪者仍有感受到儲蓄的重要性；再者，受訪者在社會、心理以及人力資本等資產的提昇，很大部份乃來自於課程訓練以及社會參與過程而來，包括讓成員看見自己的貧窮境況，建立正向與積極的人生觀，提昇其自信心以及就業準備等等，換句話說，這些能力並非由於有形資產的累積而來，因此並非來自於「資產效果」，此外，本方案在定位上的不清，忽略了資產累積福利理論的平等議題，而推行過程的簡化，不僅將資產累積福利理論萎縮成一個方案，也限制了其理論的影響力。

關鍵字

資產累積 ； 脫貧方案 ； 家扶基金會

並列摘要

Since 2005 the youth capacity building program has been implementedby the South Kaohsiung Department of Taiwan Fund for Children and Families. It expects to help young people to accumulateasse tsthrough personal account and savings mechanism, course training, social services and participation as the basis for their follow-up higher education, skills training and employment preparation. However, the study found that the program seems to have achieved most of the goals, but if examined under the framework of asset accumulation theory, we can find that the program effect differs greatly from the asset accumulation theory. First, in the process of accumulating savings, the assets proportion are too small only $80,000 and most of the sources of saving come from the family. The saving frequency is not enough to establish personal saving habits, but most respondents still feel the importance of saving. Second, the respondents'ability about social, psychological and human capital was enhanced was mostly from course training and social participation, including making members see their own poverty situation, developing a positive outlook on life, enhancing their self-confidence and employment preparation. In other words, these abilities do not come from the accumulation of visible assets and therefore do not come from the ＂asset effect＂. The positioning of the program is unclear. It ignores the equality issue of asset accumulation welfare theory. The simplification of the implementation process not only let the asset accumulation welfare theory shrink into a program, but also limit its theoretical influence.

並列關鍵字

asset accumulation ； poverty alleviation program ； TFCF