甲骨文物的保存與科學分析：中央研究院歷史語言研究所甲骨維護方法初探

Conservation and Scientific Analysis of Oracle Bones: A Preliminary Study of the Oracle Bone Conservation of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica

劉致慧(Liu, Jhih-huei)

《文化資產保存學刊》 61期 (2022/09) Pp. 7-38

https://doi.org/10.6941/JCHC.202209_(61).0001

摘要

甲骨不僅是基底材料特殊的文物，更因作為占卜的工具，其上承載著占卜的刻辭、卜兆的裂痕與人為鑽鑿的孔穴等，皆具獨特意涵，不能僅以一般「補全」的維護思維看待，需多方思量再擬定更適切的維護方針。本文以過去文物維護經驗為基石，借鏡西方維護方式，探討維護材料的優劣。透過爬梳1940年代至今，中央研究院歷史語言研究所維護甲骨文物的方法及使用材料，分析骨質文物的劣化成因。並列舉維護經驗中所遇到的甲骨劣化狀況，彙整為一系列甲骨的劣化狀況圖典，供文保工作者日後的參考。文中亦闡述現今甲骨文物的RIP維護理念，摘錄代表性的甲骨維護與科學分析案例，包含甲骨的殘膠與殘蠟清潔、碎甲的加固黏合與填補實例，以及甲骨刻填色的拉曼光譜分析等。希冀透過實際案例，拋磚引玉，並將這些獨特歷史文物以不同的風貌揭示於眾人。

關鍵字

甲骨 ； 保存 ； 維護 ； 劣化 ； 科學分析

並列摘要

Oracle bones are artifacts made of unique materials decorated with inscriptions, cracks, and drilled holes with profound divination-related meanings. The conservation of such artifacts cannot be achieved using conventional methods. Adequate conservation polices must be formulated through careful deliberation about various considerations. This study explored the advantages and disadvantages of materials used for conservation through referencing conservation methods adopted in Western countries. In addition, the study examined the oracle bone conservation methods and materials used by Academia Sinica's Institute of History and Philology since the 1940's, analyzed factors affecting the deterioration of such artifacts, and discussed cases of oracle bone deterioration encountered in other conservation efforts. Accordingly, a pictorial guide was created to illustrate types of oracle bone deterioration and to act as a reference guide for artifact conservators. This study also expounded the RIP ideal of oracle bone conservation and examined representative oracle bone conservation and analysis cases, such as practical cases on the cleaning of residual wax and adhesives, the consolidation of bone pieces, the restoration of damaged pieces, and Raman spectroscopy-based analysis of colored oracle bone inscriptions. The goal of the study was to inspire individuals interested in artifact conservation and to present the varying appearances of oracle bones through the recording and sharing of practical experience.

並列關鍵字

oracle bone ； conservation ； preservation ； deterioration ； scientific analysis

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