乐与诗的错综──周汉南朝郊庙歌辞探究

The Intricacy of Yue and Poetry: Exploration of the Jiao Miao Poems from Zhou and Han Dynasties to Nan (Southern) Dynasty

郭思韵(KOAY Su In)

《马来西亚人文与社会科学学报》 4卷1期 (2015/06) Pp. 23-33

https://doi.org/10.6962/MJHSS.201506_4(1).0002

摘要

由于兼作乐辞，“诗”在周代国子教体系中，隶属《乐》则重声音干戚，隶属《诗》则重美刺讽谕。主导雅乐精神的郊庙乐，其诗章所服膺的虽是《乐》理论，但在理念的承载上，并不如声音、干戚来得被重视。然而随着《乐》及古乐的亡佚，大乐歌辞的处境亦因此发生变化。汉时因大乐指南的失却，间接造成声音干戚在表象功德的大乐职能上已难胜任如故，于是《诗》论尚全、儒者唯能参与的歌辞遂为分担首选，而其写作的倾向亦因此从《诗》论多于《乐》论，及至南朝时更已有“诗为乐心”的说法。南朝重建的乐制，其对歌辞的要求，则以肃正典范、树立成规为旨，依归圣人经典道统，并将郊庙诗与流行诗作严格区分，终使前者全面接手、承载《乐》论的精神理念。

關鍵字

雅乐 ； 乐府 ； 郊庙歌辞 ； 诗为乐心

並列摘要

In the education system of the Zhou Dynasty, the ＂Yue＂ genre of poems emphasized vocal music and the dance props known as Gan Qi, whilst the ＂Shi＂ genre emphasized eulogization, irony and euphemistic warnings. Jiao Miao Yue which underpinned the spirit of Ya Yue, though its poems left deep imprints through the theory of ＂Yue＂, yet the vocal music of Gan Qi was conceptually more important. However, the loss of ＂Yue＂ and Gu Yue had brought about a change in the situation of Da Yue poems. The loss of the guide of Da Yue during the Han dynasty had indirectly diminished the performance quality of vocal music and Gan Qi. Hence, as ＂Shi＂ poems were still intact theoretically, they were the literary form of choice among Confucianists. Hence literary compositions tended to favour ＂Shi＂ rather than ＂Yue＂. By the Nan (Southern) Dynasty, poetry had emerged as ＂the heart of Yue＂. With the restoration of the Yue system during the Nan Dynasty, the requirements of poems specified the setting of models and etiquettes as the objective of poems, and in accordance to the way of the sages, and to differentiate strictly Jiao Miao poems and popular poems. These eventually enabled the former to flourish and to continue the spirit and idea of the theory of Yue.

並列關鍵字

Ya Yue ； Yue Fu ； Jiao Miao Poems ； Poetry is the Heart of Yue