論語音類型辭格辨析

Discriminating Rhetorical Figures of Phonetic Types

魏聰祺

《語文教育學報》 3期 (2017/12) Pp. 21-58

摘要

語音飛白、諧音雙關、諧音析字、諧音仿、摹聲和音同字異：它們都和語音有關，可稱為語音類型辭格。因為它們都是以語音相同或相近來達成修辭效果，看來頗為相似，常常令讀者混淆。筆者以各辭格的獨特要求為基準，將這六個次辭格一一加以辨析。首先，「語音飛白」強調當事人聽錯音或讀錯音；其他五個次辭格則是當事人刻意使用，而非誤用。其次，「諧音雙關」強調同一個字詞語句在語境中兼含兩種意思，若只有一個意思，則不是雙關；其中「諧音析字（借音）」、「諧音仿」、「摹聲」、「音同字異」有的會有雙關義，則是它們和諧音雙關兼格；有的不會有雙關義，則與諧音雙關無涉。再次，「諧音析字（借音）」強調借音而別解為另一個音同音近的字；「諧音仿」必定使用借音，但借音有的會兼諧音仿，有的不會兼諧音仿；「摹聲」和「音同字異」有的會使用借音，有的不會使用借音。再次，「諧音仿」強調仿體必須和本體的形式相似，且是臨時仿出的生造詞語，字面上仿體必須出現，本體可出現也可不出現；「摹聲」和「音同字異」有的會兼諧音仿，有的不會兼諧音仿。最後，「摹聲」強調摹擬聲音，「音同字異」強調兩個或兩個以上詞語前後映照，且意義不同。

關鍵字

語音飛白 ； 諧音雙關 ； 諧音析字 ； 諧音仿 ； 摹聲 ； 音同字異

並列摘要

Phonetic feibai, homonymic pun, homonymic xizi, homonymic simulation, onomatopoeia and homophone are all related to phonetics. We can call them rhetorical figures of phonetic types because they all can be used to achieve rhetorical effects with the same sounds or similar sounds. Owing to their similarities, readers frequently get confused. The author discriminated the six rhetorical figures with the unique requirements of each rhetorical figure. First, ＂phonetic feibai＂ emphasizes the person who listens to the wrong sound or read the wrong sound; the rest five rhetorical figures are deliberately used by the person, not misused. Second, ＂homonymic pun＂ emphasizes the same word or sentence in the context contains two meanings. If there is only one meaning, it is not pun. Among them, ＂homonymic xizi (borrowed sound)＂, ＂homonymic simulation＂, ＂onomatopoeia＂ or ＂homophone＂ sometimes contains pun. It means that the rhetorical figure also includes homonymic pun. Some of them doesn’t have pun. In this situation, it has nothing to do with homonymic pun. Moreover, ＂homonymic xizi (borrowed sound)＂ stresses borrowed sound and then explain it as a homophone or a sound close word. It is a must to use borrowed sound for homonymic simulation, but some of the borrowed sounds are also homonymic simulation and some of the borrowed sounds are not. As for Onomatopoeias and homophones, some of them make use of borrowed sounds and some are not. Furthermore, homonymic simulation emphasizes the imitating form must be similar to the body and must be the temporarily imitated new word. The imitating form has to appear; the body can either appear or disappear. As for onomatopoeias and homophones, some of them are also homonymic simulation, but some are not. Last, onomatopoeia stresses the imitation of sounds. Homophone emphasizes the comparison of two or more words and the meaning is different.

並列關鍵字

phonetic feibai ； homonymic pun ； homonymic xizi ； homonymic simulation ； onomatopoeia ； homophone