辽代地方监察体制研究

A Study of Local Supervision System in the Liao Dynasty

陈鹏(CHEN Peng)

《史学集刊》 183期 (2019/07) Pp. 61-70

摘要

辽代地方监察体制，呈现出层级化特点，存在道、镇、州三级监察区，其中镇级监察区包括府、节镇与次级方镇。道、镇二级监察区，皆由长官兼掌监察，判官作为佐官负责具体监察事务。州级监察区，长官（主要是刺史）仅掌政务，不司监察，由录事参军监察州官和属县。各级监察佐官——判官和录事参军，作为监察事务的直接负责人，对长官也具有监察和制衡的作用，对中央有直达权。各级监察佐官的设置和权责，确保了地方监察职官虽附于行政系统，但仍展现出层级化、体制化的一面。此外，辽代存在临时遣使监察，是对地方三级监察体制的补充，强化了朝廷对镇、州的监控。

關鍵字

辽代 ； 地方监察体制 ； 监察官

並列摘要

The local supervision system in Liao Dynasty is characteristics of hierarchy. There are three levels of supervisory region: Dao(道), Zhen(镇) and Zhou(州). Among them, as a rank of supervisory region, Zhen includes Fu(府), Jiezhen(节镇) and the secondary Fangzhen(方镇). The military governors of Dao and Zhen are concurrently in charge of supervisory task. Panguan(判官) who is the assistant to governor is responsible for the specific supervisory affairs. As far as Zhou being the supervisory region is concerned, the prefect is only in charge of Zhou government affairs but does not take charge of supervising. Lushi-canjun(录事参军) is responsible for supervising the officials of Zhou and the counties. Panguan and Lushi-canjun are not only the direct supervisors of supervisory affairs, but also have the power to supervise their governors and report to the central government directly. The establishment of supervisory assistants in the three levels of supervisory region ensures that the local supervision system show a hierarchical and institutionalized aspect, not just as the vassal of administrative system. In addition, the temporary supervision envoy is a supplement to local supervisory system and strengthens the control of local governments at all levels in Liao Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Liao Dynasty ； local supervision system ； supervisory official