刘宰赈饥与蝗神信仰

The Activities of Relieving Hunger by Liu Zai(刘宰) and the Belief in the Locusts God

张文(ZHANG Wen) ； 卢渝宁(LU Yu-ning)

《史学集刊》 185期 (2019/11) Pp. 63-70

摘要

自元明以来，以江南地区为中心形成了驱蝗神刘猛将信仰。关于其原型，各类记载分歧颇多。通过对相关文献的梳理，刘猛将的原型应为南宋刘宰。刘宰成为蝗神，主要源于其在金坛举行的三次大规模赈饥活动，尤其是嘉定二年的初次赈饥，其起因是蝗灾导致的饥荒。由此，刘宰与驱蝗发生了关联。刘宰去世后被广泛祭祀，但士人的祭祀是以先贤的形象出现的，而农人的祭祀则是以救星的形式出现的。由此，刘宰在民众祭祀活动中成为驱蝗神，而士人与官方则每每试图按照自己的主流文化逻辑进行干预改造，从而使得驱蝗神的本来面目变得模糊不清。

關鍵字

蝗神 ； 刘莽将 ； 刘猛将 ； 刘宰

並列摘要

Since Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the belief of Liu Mengjiang (刘猛将), the god of expelling locusts, has been formed in the South Yangtze River regions. There are many different records about the prototype of Liu Mengjiang, the god of expelling locusts. By combing the related literature, the author argues that Liu Mengjiang's prototype should be Liu Zai(刘宰) of Southern Song Dynasty. Liu Zai became the God of locusts, mainly because of his three large-scale relief hunger activities held in the golden altar, especially the first relief hunger activity in the second year of Jiading (嘉定) because of the famine by locusts. From this, Liu Zai was connected with expelling locusts. Liu Zai was widely worshiped after his death, he was seen as a sage by the scholars, but for the peasants, Liu Zai was their savior. Therefore, Liu Zai became the god of expelling locusts in the public sacrifice. However, the scholars and officials always tried to intervene and remould the image of locusts God in accordance with their own mainstream cultural logic, so that the original face of the god of expelling locusts became ambiguous.

並列關鍵字

God of locusts ； Liu Mangjiang(刘莽将) ； Liu Mengjiang(刘猛将) ； Liu Zai(刘宰)