共产国际与中国共产党早期苏维埃政权的执政实践

The Communist International and the Governing Practice of the Early Soviet Regime of the Communist Party of China

耿显家(GENG Xian-jia)

《史学集刊》 187期 (2020/03) Pp. 82-92

摘要

大革命失败后，中国共产党在共产国际的指导下确立了实行土地革命和武装起义的方针，也从此走上了建立苏维埃政权的革命道路。然而在这一时期，受共产国际“左”的教条主义和“城市中心论”思想的影响，中国苏维埃革命运动一开始就照搬苏俄革命的经验，致使各地城市暴动接连遭到失败。也正是在这一时期，经过多次城市武装起义失败教训的洗礼，越来越多的革命者开始认识到，到农村中去，到那些受过大革命风暴影响的农村中去，会有革命发展的广阔天地。这是以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人勇敢突破共产国际的理论模式，开始探索适合中国实际的“农村包围城市、武装夺取全国政权”革命道路的实践基础和理论来源。“任何国家的革命道路问题，都要由本国的共产党人自己去思考和解决。”这段历史无疑是最鲜活的案例，折射了共产国际与中国共产党对中国苏维埃政权道路的认识歧异；同时也彰显了我们党为了救国救民，不怕任何艰难险阻，在革命斗争中坚持独立自主、一切从实际出发的伟大革命精神。

關鍵字

共产国际 ； 中国共产党 ； 苏维埃政权 ； 闽西

並列摘要

After the failure of the Great Revolution, the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of the Communist International, established the policy of carrying out the Agrarian Revolution and armed uprising, and then began to establish the Soviet regime. However, in this period, influenced by the ＂left＂ dogmatism of the Communist International and the ＂city-centered theory＂, the Chinese Soviet revolutionary movement copied the experience of the Soviet revolution from the very beginning, resulting in the successive failure of the urban riots. It is also during this period that, after the baptism of many lessons learned from the failure of urban armed uprising, more and more revolutionaries began to realize that there would be a vast space for revolutionary development in the country side affected by the Great Revolution. The CPC, represented by Mao Zedong, bravely broke through the theoretical mode of the Communist International, and began to explore the revolutionary road of ＂encircling the cities from the rural areas and seizing the state power by military force＂ which is suitable for China s reality, and thus provided practical basis and theoretical source for Chinese revolutionary exploration. The governing practice of the early Soviet regime of CPC reflects the different understanding of the path of Chinese Soviet regime between the Communist International and CPC.

並列關鍵字

Communist International ； CPC ； Soviet regime ； West Fujian