清代珠江沿江城市空间分布及特征

珠江是中国第三大江河，珠江流域也是中华文明发祥地之一，城市兴起甚早。宋以前，珠江水系城市由于受自然地理环境等多方面因素的影响，相比黄河水系、长江水系城市发展滞后。清代，珠江城市进入一个快速发展时期，城市数量增多，城市空间分布奠定了现当代珠江城市空间分布的基本格局。近水筑城是普遍现象，但珠江城市的近水性与黄河水系有一定区别，珠江水系河道至明清已经基本稳定，没有发生大的变化，因而相比黄河水系城市，珠江水系城市更具有近水性，临江城市和近水城市数量相对较多。珠江水系与其他水系不同，是复合型水系，共有三条干流和若干支流，每条干流的自然地理环境都不同，故而城市分布也不同；另外，每条干流不同江段的自然地理环境不同，城市分布也有很大差异。本文通过对相关地志资料的梳理，考察分析了清代珠江各段沿江城市的分布及特征。

關鍵字

珠江；清代；城市；空间分布；干流

並列摘要

Being China's third largest river, the Pearl River basin is one of the birthplace of Chinese civilization, cities also rose very early along this river. However, due to the influence of many factors including natural geographical environment, the development of cities along the Pearl River system lagged behind the cities along the Yellow River and the Yangtze River system before the Qing Dynasty. The Pearl River cities entered a period of rapid development in the Qing Dynasty, the number of cities increased, and the urban spatial distribution laid the basic pattern of modern and contemporary Pearl River cities' spatial distribution. It is a common phenomenon to build cities near water, but there are some differences between cities on the Pearl River and those on the Yellow River in terms of nearness to the water. The watercourse of the Pearl River system has been basically stable until the Ming and Qing Dynasties without any major changes. Therefore, compared with cities along the Yellow River system, cities along the Pearl River are nearer to the water, and there are more cities near the river. Being different from other river systems, the Pearl River system is a composite one with three main streams and several tributaries. Each main stream also has different physical and geographical environment, so does the urban distribution. In addition, the natural geographical environment of different sections of each main stream is different, and there are some difference concerning the urban distribution. This paper explores the distribution and characteristics of cities along the Pearl River in the Qing Dynasty by analyzing some relevant geographic data.

並列關鍵字

Pearl River ； the Qing Dynasty ； Cities ； space ； main stream

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