古代埃及瘟疫的传播和影响

The Transmission and Influences of the Ancient Egypt Plagues

郭丹彤(GUO Dan-tong)

《史学集刊》 198期 (2022/01) Pp. 59-66

摘要

在古代埃及，瘟疫广泛存在且种类较多。尼罗河既是古代埃及人的主要水源也是其交通命脉，因此也成为瘟疫的主要传播途径。一方面，囿于当时社会生产力的发展水平，古代埃及人往往把瘟疫的发生理解为神明的惩罚，因此通常通过向瘟疫之神献祭并念动咒语的方式来驱逐瘟疫对人的伤害。另一方面，埃及人也能理性地面对瘟疫的发生，并积极运用医学知识治疗瘟疫，采取措施有效地阻止瘟疫的蔓延。瘟疫的传播不仅对古代埃及社会产生影响，而且也深刻地影响着埃及与其周边国家和地区的交往。同时，瘟疫的传播也是埃及与古代近东地区密切交往的结果。

關鍵字

古代埃及 ； 瘟疫 ； 塞赫迈特 ； 古代东地中海世界

並列摘要

There were many kinds of plagues in ancient Egypt. Since the Nile was the main source of water and transportation lifeline for the ancient Egyptians, it also became the main route for the transmission of plague. However, due to the limitation of the social productivity development, ancient Egyptians often recognized plague as the punishment of gods. So they did not have a mature cognition about infectious illness. But they still developed the way to pull through the difficulty caused by plague by making prays and medical treatments. When the plague spread widely in the Near East along with human activities and civilization interaction, it not only had an impact on society of ancient Egypt, but also influenced the relationship between Egypt and its surrounding countries. On the contrary, the spread of the plague was also the result of close contact between Egypt and the ancient Near East.

並列關鍵字

Ancient Egypt ； plague ； Sekhmet ； the ancient Eastern Mediterranean world