技术与思想：20世纪50年代中国农业机械化与社会主义新农民塑造

Technology and Thought: China's Agricultural Mechanization and the Shaping of New Socialist Farmers in the 1950s

宋学勤(SONG Xue-qin) ； 杨越(YANG Yue)

《史学集刊》 198期 (2022/01) Pp. 98-105

摘要

20世纪50年代中国农业机械化的进程，不仅是以农业机械为主的“技术下乡”的过程，也是改造农民传统思想、形塑与农业机械化相适应的新农民，进而完成“思想下乡”的意识形态社会化的过程。在农业机械化的实践中，国家将对新农民的塑造嵌入农业生产和农民生活中，以此整合农民思想观念、强化农民的集体观念、激发农民的主体观念、培养农民的科技观念，从而塑造了具有“高度社会主义觉悟的、有技术、有文化、有全面才能”的社会主义新农民。这一历史进程对“十四五”时期加强现代农业技术对农民思想的正向引导，以及对培育新型职业农民，均具有重要的历史意义。

關鍵字

20世纪50年代 ； 农业机械化 ； 社会主义新农民 ； 新型职业农民

並列摘要

In the 1950s, the process of China's agricultural mechanization was not only the ＂spreading of technological knowledge focusing on agricultural machinery to farmers＂, but also the process of transforming farmers' traditional ideas and shaping new farmers adapted to the agricultural mechanization, so as to complete the ideological socialization process of ＂spreading thought to the countryside＂. In the practice of agricultural mechanization, the state embeds the shaping of new farmers into agricultural production and farmers' life, so as to integrate their ideas, strengthen their collective ideas, stimulate their subject conceptions and cultivate their scientific and technological ideas, there by to shape new socialist farmers with ＂high socialist consciousness, technology, cultural and all-round talents＂. This historical process has important reference significance for modern agricultural technology to farmers' thought and cultivate new professional farmers during the ＂14th Five Year Plan＂ period.

並列關鍵字

the 1950s ； agricultural mechanization ； new socialist farmers ； new-type professional farmers