Agriculture is a foundation for the national economy, which is related to the life of the planned people of the country. Due to the development of social economy, the improvement of productivity, and the influence of many factors such as resources, environment and market, the planting structure needs to be constantly changed. At present, there are many problems in the adjustment of planting structure. This paper will take Henan as an example to find out the problems in the adjustment of planting structure and put forward some countermeasures.