In recent years, Chinese enterprises have been carrying out shareholding system reform, hoping that banks can make new breakthroughs. Therefore, how to optimize the ownership structure and improve business performance is a problem that many banks are paying attention to at present. Taking the financial data of commercial banks as samples, this paper uses stata to analyze the relationship between ownership structure and bank performance, and draws the following conclusions: ownership concentration is negatively correlated with return on total assets; The shareholding ratio of state-owned shares is negatively correlated with the rate of return on total assets; There is a positive correlation between equity checks and balances and bank performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide useful countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable development of Chinese banks.