The rural revitalization strategy puts forward new requirements for financial support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Therefore, the research on the efficiency of financial support for agriculture and its influencing factors is of great significance. Based on this, the DEA method and the establishment of a panel Tobit measurement model are used to conduct an empirical analysis on the efficiency and influencing factors of financial support for agriculture in 31 provinces (cities) in China from 2010 to 2019. The results show that the efficiency of China's financial support for agriculture is ineffective as a whole, and there are differences in different regions. Factors such as the level of economic development, the level of fiscal support for agriculture, and the dual structure of urban and rural areas have different effects on the efficiency of financial support for agriculture. Finally, according to this, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, such as adapting measures to local conditions, optimizing agricultural support channels, and increasing agricultural investment.