In the era of digital economy, technological innovation has created new monopoly tools for enterprises, and a series of monopoly problems derived therefrom have become a topic of common concern in the society. In view of this, on the one hand, from the perspective of economics, this paper systematically analyzes the monopoly tools used by digital enterprises, studies their behavioral motivation, and summarizes their general characteristics; On the other hand, it combs the monopoly history of digital enterprises and comprehensively analyzes its impact on market competition and social welfare. At the same time, combined with the hot issue of Internet economy, this paper analyzes the problems and challenges faced by antitrust governance in China's Internet field, and puts forward policy suggestions.