Infectious diseases will not only threaten human health, but also affect social stability and cause large‐scale infection, which will lead to psychological panic among the population, affect normal production and life, and disrupt social order. With the increasingly close exchanges in the world, the spread of diseases is more rapid, and a variety of infectious diseases continue to break out, the prevention and control of infectious diseases needs urgent attention. It is of great significance to recognize the current challenges in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and to summarize from the previous experience of countries in infectious disease prevention and control that there are measures with strong application to deal with the current challenges.