Standards and specifications within the bridge structure health monitoring industry mostly address system design, system implementation, and system acceptance. The performance degradation of the monitoring equipment during use, the calibration method of the equipment and the calibration period of different equipment are the core issues of the current system operation and maintenance. This paper analyzes the monitoring equipment that needs to be calibrated for the bridge structure health monitoring system and the calibration methods of various types of equipment, proposes the classification methods of various types of sensing equipment: classification according to the working principle, classification according to the measured, and proposes the relevant calibration indexes for each classification method of sensing equipment, which provides reference for the development of calibration methods for different types of sensors. The sensing equipment calibration methods are divided into three categories: in‐situ comparison calibration, on‐site disassembly calibration and multi‐source indirect calibration. Environmental, role‐based monitoring equipment is mostly applicable to in‐situ comparison calibration; surface‐mounted structural response monitoring equipment is mostly applicable to on‐site production and writing calibration; buried, non‐removable monitoring equipment is applicable to multi‐source indirect calibration. The verification of the working condition and measurement accuracy of the embedded and non‐demountable monitoring equipment is the core technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the maintenance of bridge structural health monitoring system.