播種期及氣象因子對蘇丹草及高粱生長之影響

Effects of Planting Dates and Climatic Factors on Plant Growth and Forage Yield of Sudangrass and Sorghum

許福星(Fu-Hsing Hsu) ； 洪國源(Kuo-Yuan Hong)

《畜產研究》 32卷3期 (1999/09) Pp. 211-218

摘要

蘇丹草（Sorghum sudanense）及高粱（S. bicolor）為具有宿根性的短期芻料作物，本試驗研究的目的在探討不同播種期及氣象因子對蘇丹草及高粱生長之影響。蘇丹草台畜草一號及高粱台中五號於1994及1995年分別自3月至10月中旬每月各播種一次，播種後每天調查萌芽一次，萌芽後二週調查其成活率。1994年蘇丹草萌芽率在61.7∼90.6%之間，而高粱為47.5∼81.3%之間，兩者的成活率均達90%以上；而1995年蘇丹草的萌芽率在64.1∼86.1%之間，而高粱在73.4∼86.7%之間，蘇丹草之成活率為77.7∼95.7%，高粱則為88.5∼100%之間。萌芽速率指數（emergence rate index, ERI）隨著氣溫之增高有增加之趨勢。葉片之伸長速率亦在夏天長得較快，早期播種者雖然萌芽及生長較慢，但可多宿根1∼2次，故不論1994或1995年，均以3月播種者之產量最高。建議蘇丹草須於5月以前播種，方可獲得較高之產草量。

關鍵字

蘇丹草 ； 高粱 ； 播種期 ； 氣象因子 ； 萌芽 ； 產草量

並列摘要

Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) and sorghum (S. bicolor) are annual forage species with ratoon growth. The objectives of this experiment were to explore the effects of planting dates and climatic factors on field emergence, plant growth and forage yield of sudangrass and sorghum. Sudangrass and sorghum were monthly planted from mid-March to mid-October in both 1994 and 1995. Emerged seedlings were daily recorded. Survival seedlings were investigated 2 weeks after emergence. Emergence percentages of sudangrass ranged from 61.7% to 90.6% and those of sorghum ranged from 47.5% to 81.3% in 1994. All the survival percentages were above 90% for both sudangrass and sorghum in 1994. The emergence percentages of sudangrass ranged from 64.1% to 86.1% and those of sorghum ranged from 73.4% to 86.7% in 1995. The survival percentages of sudangrass were between 77.7% and 95.7% and those of sorghum were between 88.5% and 100%, respectively. Emergence rate index (ERI) increased when air temperatures went up. Leaf elongation rate was higher in summer. Those planted earlier emerged and grew slowly. However, the plants could produce higher forage when there were one or two more cuts. Sudangrass could produce more forage than sorghum. The forage yield was the highest when it was planted in March in both 1994 and 1995. It was suggested that sudangrass might obtain higher forage yield if it was planted before May.

並列關鍵字

Sudangrass(Sorghum sudanense) ； Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor) ； Planting date ； Climatic factor ； Field emergence ； Forage yield