施肥量對尼羅草產量及品質之影響

Chemical fertilizer effects on nilegrass forage yield and quality

洪國源(Kuo-Yuan Hong) ； 張世融(Shyh-Rong Chang) ； 許褔星(Fu-Hsing Hsu)

《畜產研究》 37卷2期 (2004/06) Pp. 141-152

摘要

尼羅草（Acroceras macrum）係多年生C3型牧草，而尼羅草台畜草一號為目前推廣具有高產、粗蛋白質含量高、嗜口性佳及抗銹病之新牧草品種。本試驗的目的乃探討氮及鉀肥施用量及在不同地區下對尼羅草產量及品質之影響。以每年每公頃施用氮0、200、400、600及800 kg等五變級，和氧化鉀150及300 kg等二變級，組成10個處理，採複因子設計，本試驗在台南縣新化及桃園縣觀音兩地進行。經試驗結果：株高及乾物產量均隨著氮用量提高而增加，新化試區以施用氮400、600及800 kg/ha等處理間没有顯著差異，其收割時平均株高97 cm，乾草產量40.6 mt/ha，觀音試區乾物產量以施用氮600及800 kg/ha最高，兩處理間没有顯著差異，平均乾物產量25.7 mt/ha。鉀肥施用對於尼羅草農藝性狀及產量則没有顯著影響。就尼羅草植體成分含量而言：粗蛋白質及鎂的含量，均隨著氮用量之增加而提高，而水溶性碳水化合物及鉀含量則相反。且鉀肥施用量增加，亦增加植體中鉀含量。又尿素長期之施用，會降低土壤pH值，使土壤產生酸化現象。根據以上試驗結果，建議尼羅草每年施用氮400-600 kg/ha及氧化鉀150 kg/ha，即可獲得較高的產量及品質。

關鍵字

尼羅草 ； 肥料 ； 牧草產量 ； 牧草品質

並列摘要

Nilegrass (Acroceras macrum) is a C3 type perennial forage grass. Nilegrass Taishi No. 1 (NGT 1) is a new cultivar with high productivity, high crude protein content, palatability and resistance to rust disease. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the forage yield and quality of nilegrass at two different loca tions. This trial was composed of five levels of N, i. e., 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 kg/ha and two levels of K_2O, i. e., 150 and 300 kg/ha yielding 10 treatment combinations. The experiments were conducted at Hsinhua in Tainan and Quayin in Taoyuan, respectively. The results showed that nilegrass plant height and dry matter yield increased with increasing levels of applied N. No difference was observed for both plant heights and dry matter yields among treatments with N levels of 400, 600, and 800 kg/ha at Hsinhua. The average plant height and dry matter yield were 97 cm and 40.6 mt/ha for the above-mentioned treatments, respectively. The highest dry matter yields were produced from the plots receiving N 600 and 800 kg/ha. At Quayin, no significant difference was observed between N 600 and 800 kg/ha treatments. The average dry matter yields were 25.7 mt/ha. No significant effect was observed on both nilegrass agronomic traits and forage yields after applying different levels of K_2O. The crude protein and Mg contents in the nilegrass plants increased with increasing levels of applied N. The water soluble carbohydrate and potassium contents in the plants decreased. The K content in the nilegrass increased when the level of applied K_2O increased. The pH values of the soil decreased after applying urea in soil for a long term. This suggested that the levels of N 400-600 kg/ha and K_2O 150 kg/ha applied in nilegrass pastures could produce higher forage yield.

並列關鍵字

Acroceras macrum ； Fertilizer ； Forage yield ； Forage quality