增加懷孕後期飼糧能量對初產女牛泌乳性能與生長的影響

Effects of increasing dietary energy prepartum on milking performance and growth of primiparous Holstein heifers

李春芳(Churng-Faung Lee) ； 陳吉斌(Chi-Pin Chen)

《畜產研究》 38卷3期 (2005/09) Pp. 165-174

摘要

初產女牛有泌乳與本身持續生長的雙重營養需求，本次試驗希望瞭解增加女牛懷孕後期飼糧能量，是否有益於此二性能的表現。陸續逢機將距預產期四個月的11頭荷蘭女牛分成對照組與脂肪補充組，群飼提供相同的盤固草完全混合日糧（粗蛋白質平均15%，精料比例33.5%，乾基）任食至分娩，但兩組每頭每天分別補充0或150 g過瘤胃脂肪，使脂肪組飼糧泌乳淨能增加6.0%。能量處理期間為產前四個月，牛隻性能追蹤至產後三個月，七個月期間每月量測體重、體型及血清非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）。試驗結果顯示，增加懷孕後期飼糧能量不影響孕女牛採食量，牛隻3.5%乳脂校正乳量的改善也未達顯著差異水準（18.2 vs. 20.7 kg, P＜0.19），但牛隻產後二到三個月的血清NEFA濃度有較高趨勢（165 vs. 229μM , P＜0.07）。增加飼糧能量可以促進牛隻較早達到泌乳高峰（11.2 vs. 7.0 wk, P＜0.05），同時促進乳脂率（3.11 vs. 3.61%, P＜0.06），但泌乳持續力較弱（95.7 % vs. 87.0%, P＜0.08）。提高懷孕後期飼糧能量並不影響牛隻體重、日增重與體型。參試牛群的平均分娩月齡、分娩前估算體重、分娩估算失重、產前四個月日增重與產後三個月日增重，分別為27.2月齡、630 kg、75.2 kg、1.01 kg與-0.31 kg。

關鍵字

初產女牛 ； 飼糧能量 ； 泌乳性能 ； 生長

並列摘要

Nutrient supply for primiparous heifers needs to meet both their milking and growth requirements. Increasing dietary energy level in late-pregnant period was evaluated for its beneficial effect on heifers' performance. A total of 11 Holstein heifers at last 4-mo before calving were randomly assigned to control group or fat supplemented group. Same total mixed ration (CP 15% and grain ratio 33.5% on DM basis) was offered ad lib once daily. Heifers in fat group received another 150 g of by-pass fat per day to increase NEL by 6.0%. Energy treatment was conducted until parturition. Performance was traced to 3-mo after calving. During the 7-mo experimental period, traits including body weight, body type and serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were measured once a month. Results showed that increasing energy level during the late-pregnant period didnot affect the feed intake and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield (18.2 vs. 20.7 kg, P ＜ 0.19), but heifers in fat group tended to have higher serum NEFA levels during the 2^(nd) and 3^(rd) month after calving (165 vs. 229μM, P ＜ 0.07). Increasing dietary energy level could bring about earlier milk peak (11.2 vs. 7.0 wk, P ＜ 0.05) and higher milk fat percentage (3.11 vs. 3.61%, P ＜ 0.06), however the milking persistency of fat group was poorer (95.7 % vs. 87.0%, P ＜ 0.08). Body weight (BW), daily gain, and body type development of both groups were all similar. Average calving age, estimated BW before calving, BW loss during calving, daily gain 4-mo before calving and 3-mo after calving for all heifers were 27.2 month, 630 kg, 75.2 kg, 1.01 kg and -0.31 kg, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Primiparous heifers ； Dietary energy ； Milking performance ； Growth